GHK-Cu
Human ResearchGlycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine-Copper(II)
A copper-binding tripeptide famous for skin, hair, and wound-healing research.
Dose
1-2mg
Route
Topical cream, Subcutaneous injection
Cycle
8-12 weeks
Storage
Store at 2-8°C, protected from light
What is GHK-Cu?
Route matters here. The bulk of GHK-Cu human evidence is topical/cosmetic — skin firmness, wound healing, hair follicle research — and does not transfer to injectable use. The FDA has specifically flagged injectable GHK-Cu over limited human safety data, immunogenicity concerns, and peptide impurity risk. Treat topical and injectable GHK-Cu as two separate evidence questions. GHK-Cu, or Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine-Copper(II), is a naturally occurring human tripeptide that exhibits strong affinity for copper(II) ions. First identified in human plasma, GHK-Cu has been extensively researched for its roles in tissue regeneration, wound healing, and anti-aging processes. It is known to modulate various cellular pathways, including those involved in collagen and elastin synthesis, antioxidant defense, and anti-inflammatory responses. Research explores both topical and subcutaneous administration methods, with the former being more widely documented for dermatological applications.
Key Benefits
- Skin firmness
- Hair regrowth
- Wound healing
Mechanism of Action
- Copper delivery
- Extracellular matrix remodeling
Best For
- Skin quality
- Hair thinning
- Anti-aging protocols
Body Systems
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Molecular Information
Molecular weight
340.7 g/mol (GHK-Cu)
Length
3 amino acids
Type
Peptide-Copper Complex
Amino acid sequence
Gly-His-Lys (Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine)
Complexed with a copper(II) ion (Cu2+)
Pharmacokinetics
Half-life
1 h
Based on observed biological activity and general peptide pharmacokinetics, but specific pharmacokinetic studies for GHK-Cu in human subjects are limited in the peer-reviewed literature.
Research Indications
Skin Anti-Aging and Rejuvenation
Widely researched for its potential to stimulate collagen and elastin production, improve skin elasticity, reduce fine lines and wrinkles, and enhance overall skin tone and clarity.
Hair Growth and Follicle Health
Studies suggest GHK-Cu can stimulate hair follicle enlargement, prolong the anagen phase of hair growth, and potentially reduce hair loss by improving scalp circulation and reducing inflammation.
Research Protocols
| Goal | Dose | Frequency | Route |
|---|---|---|---|
| Skin Rejuvenation (Topical) | 0.5-2.5% GHK-Cu in cream/serum | Once or twice daily | Topical |
| Hair Growth Stimulation (Topical) | 0.1-1.0% GHK-Cu in scalp serum/lotion | Once daily | Topical |
| Systemic Anti-Aging / Tissue Support | 1-2mg | 2-3 times per week | Subcutaneous |
| Wound Healing (Localized) | 0.1-2.5% GHK-Cu in gel/ointment directly applied to wound | Once daily, or as per specific wound care protocol | Topical |
| Researching Collagen Synthesis | 1mg | Every other day | Subcutaneous |
For subcutaneous administration, rotating injection sites is commonly discussed to prevent lipohypertrophy or irritation.
Peptide Interactions
- Monitor Combination
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
While both are antioxidants, high concentrations of Vitamin C might theoretically interfere with copper complex stability or absorption in some topical formulations. Research suggests topical GHK-Cu and Vitamin C can be used together effectively, but separated application times are sometimes recommended.
- Monitor Combination
Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs)
AHAs can lower skin pH, potentially affecting the stability or activity of GHK-Cu in topical applications. It is often recommended to use them at different times of day or on alternating days.
- Avoid
Strong Chelating Agents (e.g., EDTA)
Substances that strongly chelate copper could potentially disrupt the GHK-Cu complex and alter its biological activity. Avoid simultaneous use.
- Compatible
Retinoids (e.g., Retinol, Tretinoin)
Many research protocols combine GHK-Cu with retinoids for enhanced anti-aging effects. They can generally be used together, though some prefer staggered application to minimize potential irritation.
- Use Caution
Zinc Supplements
High doses of supplemental zinc can interfere with copper absorption and metabolism. While topical GHK-Cu is less likely to be affected, systemic use warrants caution and monitoring of mineral balance if combined with high-dose zinc.
How to Reconstitute
- 1Gather GHK-Cu vial, bacteriostatic water for injection, sterile syringe (e.g., 1mL with 29-31 gauge needle), and alcohol wipes.
- 2Clean the rubber stopper of the GHK-Cu vial and the bacteriostatic water vial with alcohol wipes.
- 3Draw the desired amount of bacteriostatic water (e.g., 1mL per 5mg vial) into the sterile syringe.
- 4Carefully inject the bacteriostatic water into the GHK-Cu vial, directing the stream against the side of the vial to prevent direct contact with the peptide powder.
- 5Gently swirl the vial (do not shake vigorously) until the powder is completely dissolved. This may take a few minutes.
- 6Once dissolved, the solution should be clear with a distinct blue color due to the copper complex. Store as directed.
Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water for injection. Avoid vigorous shaking to prevent peptide degradation.
What to Expect
- Weeks 1-2: Initial observations may include subtle improvements in skin hydration and texture (topical).
- Weeks 3-6: More noticeable improvements in skin elasticity and firmness may be reported. Hair follicle stimulation might begin.
- Weeks 6-12: Significant improvements in skin appearance, reduction in fine lines, and enhanced wound healing capabilities are commonly discussed.
- Month 3+: Continued improvements in skin regeneration, potential for increased hair density and thickness, and overall anti-aging effects.
- Individual responses vary significantly based on administration route, dosage, and individual biological factors.
Side Effects & Safety
| Effect | Frequency | Severity |
|---|---|---|
| Skin irritation (topical) | Occasional | Mild |
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Open CalculatorPeptides discussed here are for research purposes only. Nothing on this page is medical advice. Always consult a qualified professional before making health decisions.