Adipotide
Clinical TrialsAdipotide
A proapoptotic peptide that targets and destroys blood vessels feeding fat tissue. Researched for targeted fat loss with dramatic results in animal models.
Dose
1.8 mg/kg per day (animal studies)
Route
SubQ injection
Cycle
28 days (animal studies)
Storage
Refrigerate at 2-8°C (36-46°F), protected from light
What is Adipotide?
Adipotide is a proapoptotic peptide extensively studied in animal models for its potential in targeted fat loss. Its mechanism involves binding to prohibitin (a cell surface receptor) found on the blood vessels supplying white adipose tissue. This binding initiates apoptosis (programmed cell death) specifically in the endothelial cells of these blood vessels, leading to their regression. Consequently, the adipocytes (fat cells) that rely on these blood vessels for oxygen and nutrients become starved, leading to their death and subsequent reduction in fat mass. Research has shown dramatic and selective fat reduction in various animal models, including obese mice and non-human primates, without significant impact on other tissues. The peptide's specificity for fat tissue vasculature is a key area of interest.
Key Benefits
- Targeted fat cell elimination
- Dramatic fat loss in animals
- Potential stubborn fat targeting
Mechanism of Action
- Binds prohibitin on blood vessels in fat tissue
- Induces apoptosis in fat vasculature
- Starves fat cells of blood supply
Best For
- Advanced fat loss research
Body Systems
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Molecular Information
Molecular weight
3213.6 g/mol
Length
24
Type
Peptide
Amino acid sequence
CKGGRAKDC-GG-D(KLAKLAK)2
A cyclic peptide (CKGGRAKDC) fused via a linker (GG) to a pro-apoptotic peptide (D(KLAKLAK)2)
Research Indications
Targeted Fat Loss
Adipotide has demonstrated significant and selective reduction of white adipose tissue in various animal models, including obese mice and rhesus monkeys, without affecting other vital organs in the short term.
Obesity Treatment
Preclinical studies suggest Adipotide as a potential therapeutic agent for obesity by inducing apoptosis of fat-supplying blood vessels, leading to the starvation and death of adipocytes.
Research Protocols
| Goal | Dose | Frequency | Route |
|---|---|---|---|
| Induction of fat loss in obese mice | 0.25 mg/kg | Once daily | Subcutaneous |
| Significant weight reduction in obese rhesus monkeys | 1.8 mg/kg | Once daily | Subcutaneous |
| Evaluation of long-term effects on fat mass in mice | 0.1 mg/kg | Once daily | Subcutaneous |
| Assessment of metabolic improvements in diabetic obese mice | 0.2 mg/kg | Once daily | Subcutaneous |
| Dose-response study for targeted fat reduction | Varies (e.g., 0.05 mg/kg to 0.5 mg/kg) | Once daily | Subcutaneous |
Research protocols often involve daily subcutaneous injections, with the duration of administration varying based on the specific research goals and animal models.
Peptide Interactions
- Monitor Combination
Angiogenesis Inhibitors
Adipotide works by targeting fat vasculature. Co-administration with other angiogenesis inhibitors (e.g., certain cancer drugs) could potentially lead to additive or synergistic effects on blood vessel regression, which might require careful monitoring.
- Use Caution
Diuretics
Adipotide has been observed to increase diuresis in animal models. Combining with diuretics could exacerbate fluid loss and electrolyte imbalances. Close monitoring of hydration status is advised.
- Avoid
Nephrotoxic Agents
Given the observed nephrotoxicity of Adipotide in some animal studies, co-administration with other known nephrotoxic compounds (e.g., certain antibiotics, NSAIDs) should be avoided to prevent additive kidney damage.
- Monitor Combination
Compounds affecting blood pressure
Changes in vascularity, even if targeted, could theoretically impact blood pressure. Any compounds that significantly alter blood pressure should be monitored closely if combined with Adipotide.
- Compatible
Immunosuppressants
No direct interactions have been reported. However, if an immune response to the peptide were to occur, immunosuppressants might theoretically modulate it, though this is speculative.
How to Reconstitute
- 1Gather necessary supplies: Adipotide vial, bacteriostatic water for injection (BW), sterile syringes, and alcohol wipes.
- 2Allow Adipotide vial to reach room temperature before reconstitution.
- 3Clean the rubber stopper of the Adipotide vial and the BW vial with alcohol wipes.
- 4Draw the desired amount of BW into a sterile syringe. A common ratio is 1ml of BW per 5mg of Adipotide, though this can vary.
- 5Slowly inject the BW into the Adipotide vial, directing the water to the side of the vial to avoid direct impact on the lyophilized powder.
- 6Do not shake the vial. Gently swirl the vial to facilitate complete dissolution. If necessary, let it sit in the refrigerator for a short period to aid dissolution.
- 7Once fully dissolved, the solution should be clear and free of particulate matter. If not, do not use.
Careful handling is required to maintain peptide integrity. Bacteriostatic water for injection is commonly discussed for reconstitution.
What to Expect
- Weeks 1-2: Initial stages of vascular targeting in fat tissue. No visible changes are typically observed at this early stage in animal models.
- Weeks 2-4: In animal models, researchers may begin to observe a decrease in food intake and initial signs of fat mass reduction.
- Weeks 4-6: Significant and sustained reduction in body weight and fat mass commonly reported in animal studies, particularly for white adipose tissue.
- Post-treatment: Maintenance of reduced fat mass has been observed for several weeks after cessation of treatment in some animal models.
Side Effects & Safety
| Effect | Frequency | Severity |
|---|---|---|
| Kidney toxicity (seen in primates) | Serious concern | Serious |
| Dehydration | Reported in trials | Moderate |
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