ACE-031
Clinical TrialsACE-031
A myostatin inhibitor targeting the activin type IIB receptor. Researched for muscle wasting diseases and potential muscle growth applications.
Dose
1-3 mg/kg
Route
SubQ injection
Cycle
Variable, depending on research objective (e.g., 3-6 months in some studies)
Storage
2-8°C (refrigerator) away from light
What is ACE-031?
ACE-031 is a novel recombinant fusion protein designed to act as a myostatin inhibitor. It functions as a 'decoy receptor' for ligands such as myostatin (GDF-8) and other members of the TGF-beta superfamily, including GDF-11. By binding to these growth and differentiation factors, ACE-031 prevents them from interacting with their native receptors on muscle cells, thereby promoting muscle growth and inhibiting muscle degradation. Research into ACE-031 primarily focuses on its potential therapeutic applications for muscle wasting conditions, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and exploring its effects on overall muscle mass and strength in various models.
Key Benefits
- Myostatin and GDF-11 inhibition
- Muscle mass preservation
- Potential muscle growth
- Muscle wasting disease research
Mechanism of Action
- Acts as decoy receptor for myostatin and activin
- Removes muscle growth inhibitors
- Long-acting via Fc fusion protein design
Best For
- Advanced muscle research
- Muscle wasting research
- Sarcopenia research
Body Systems
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Molecular Information
Molecular weight
140 kDa (approximate, due to Fc fusion and glycosylation)
Length
Not applicable (Fc fusion protein, not a simple peptide sequence)
Type
Fusion protein (soluble activin receptor type IIB fused to human IgG1 Fc domain)
Pharmacokinetics
Half-life
336 h
Widely cited in pre-clinical and clinical trial literature (e.g., ClinicalTrials.gov studies)
Research Indications
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)
Researched for its potential to increase muscle mass and improve muscle function in patients with DMD by inhibiting myostatin-mediated muscle degradation.
Sarcopenia and Cachexia
Investigated as a therapeutic agent to counteract muscle loss associated with aging (sarcopenia) and chronic illnesses (cachexia).
Research Protocols
| Goal | Dose | Frequency | Route |
|---|---|---|---|
| Investigating muscle growth in healthy models | 1-3 mg/kg | Every 2-4 weeks | Subcutaneous |
| Researching treatment for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy models | 1-3 mg/kg | Every 2-4 weeks | Subcutaneous |
| Exploring effects on age-related muscle loss (sarcopenia) | 1-2 mg/kg | Every 4 weeks | Subcutaneous |
| Assessing impact on muscle regeneration post-injury | 1 mg/kg | Every 2 weeks for 8-12 weeks | Subcutaneous |
| Long-term safety and efficacy studies | 1 mg/kg | Every 3-4 weeks | Subcutaneous |
Due to its long half-life, a less frequent administration schedule (e.g., bi-weekly or monthly) is commonly discussed in research protocols.
Peptide Interactions
- Monitor Combination
Other myostatin inhibitors (e.g., Follistatin)
Combining multiple myostatin inhibitors could lead to exaggerated effects on muscle growth and potentially unforeseen side effects. Careful monitoring is advised in research settings.
- Use Caution
Anabolic Steroids / SARMs
The combination of myostatin inhibition with other anabolic agents could result in additive or synergistic muscle growth, but also potentially increased strain on physiological systems. Close monitoring of cardiovascular and metabolic markers is crucial.
- Monitor Combination
Growth Hormone (GH) / IGF-1
GH and IGF-1 also promote muscle growth through different mechanisms. While potentially synergistic, the combined impact on various tissues and metabolic pathways should be carefully observed.
- Use Caution
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids can induce muscle wasting. While ACE-031 might counteract some of these effects, the overall impact and potential drug interactions on metabolism and muscle tissue need careful consideration.
- Monitor Combination
Immunosuppressants
As ACE-031 is a recombinant protein, interactions with immunosuppressants are theoretically possible, especially regarding potential for immunogenicity. Monitoring immune response is important.
How to Reconstitute
- 1Gather supplies: ACE-031 vial, sterile bacteriostatic water for injection (BWFI), sterile syringes (e.g., 1 mL, insulin syringe), mixing syringe, alcohol wipes.
- 2Carefully remove the protective cap from the ACE-031 vial.
- 3Clean the rubber stopper of the peptide vial and the BWFI vial with an alcohol wipe.
- 4Draw the desired amount of BWFI into the mixing syringe. Commonly discussed volumes are 1 mL per vial to achieve a manageable concentration.
- 5Slowly inject the BWFI into the ACE-031 vial, directing the stream against the side of the vial to avoid direct forceful injection onto the lyophilized powder.
- 6Do not shake the vial. Gently swirl or roll the vial between your palms until the powder is completely dissolved. This may take several minutes.
- 7Inspect the reconstituted solution for any particulate matter or discoloration. The solution should be clear and colorless.
Always use sterile bacteriostatic water for injection (BWFI) or sterile water for injection (SWFI) for reconstitution. Reconstitution volumes vary based on desired concentration.
What to Expect
- Weeks 1-4: Initial systemic exposure to ACE-031. Researchers may observe early signs of myostatin inhibition in relevant biomarkers.
- Weeks 4-12: Observable changes in body composition parameters, such as lean muscle mass, may begin to be noted in research subjects, particularly with consistent dosing.
- Months 3-6: More pronounced and sustained increases in muscle mass and potential improvements in functional outcomes are often discussed in longer-term studies.
- Beyond 6 months: Continuous monitoring of safety and efficacy is typical in extended research protocols, looking for long-term effects and potential adaptations.
- Throughout: Regular monitoring of blood work, including liver enzymes and hormone levels, is crucial to assess systemic impact.
Side Effects & Safety
| Effect | Frequency | Severity |
|---|---|---|
| Nosebleeds (clinical trial finding) | Common in trials | Mild-Moderate |
| Telangiectasias | Common in trials | Moderate |
| Gum bleeding | Common in trials | Mild |
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